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There was a significant correlation between semantic knowledge and the proportion of non-WFD gestures that were classified as manner and a negative trend between semantic knowledge and the proportion of these gestures that were classified as "path only" gestures.
There were also significant relationships between semantic knowledge and gesture type in both non-WFD and WFD conditions.
The relationships between semantic knowledge and gesture frequency and form were then investigated in the two different conditions.
Therefore in order to understand the relationship between semantic knowledge and iconic gesture production it is important to consider semantic knowledge of objects and actions separately.
There was a positive relationship between semantic knowledge for actions and the proportion of word-finding difficulties that contained iconic gestures, similarly highlighting the relationship between semantic knowledge and the ability to use gesture when language fails.
While there was not a significant relationship between frequency of iconic gestures produced during fluent speech and semantic knowledge, there was between semantic knowledge and the proportion of WFDs that contained gesture.
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Relationships between semantic knowledge of objects and actions, and gesture frequency and form was analysed in the two conditions.
They explored iconic gesture production by 24 participants with severe aphasia during a cartoon description and found a correlation between semantic knowledge of objects and the formal diversity of hand gestures produced.
Finally while not significant, there was a positive trend between semantic knowledge of objects and the production of "shape outline" gestures during word-finding difficulties for objects.
There was a positive trend between semantic knowledge of objects and the proportion of "shape outline" iconic gestures produced when experiencing a WFD for nouns, again revealing a link between lexical semantics and gesture.
Interestingly however, unlike word-finding difficulties for nouns, there were no significant correlations or trends between semantic knowledge for verbs and the proportion of iconic gesture types produced during word-finding difficulties.
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