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Overlap between semantic control and action understanding revealed with fMRI.
Research that supports this dissociation between semantic control and representation stresses the importance of a distributed network in left temporal and prefrontal cortex.
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In sum, this study identifies a double dissociation between processes related to semantic control and representation in posterior and inferior aspects of temporal cortex within a single fMRI paradigm for the first time.
We were able to dissociate semantic control and representation by investigating ambiguous words since these words project onto several semantic concepts thus engaging increased meaning representation and also evoke enhanced semantic control processes under certain situations.
It is therefore possible that additional cortical regions contribute to semantic control alongside IFG and pMTG.
Our aim was to investigate the possibility of a double dissociation between semantic representation (in anterior ITG) and semantic control (in posterior MTG).
The next step will be to show a double dissociation between semantic representation and control processes in the temporal lobe within a single study.
Recently, Whitney and colleagues observed a double dissociation between temporal areas that responded to increased semantic control demands as opposed to representational aspects of word meaning using items with multiple meanings (Whitney et al., 2010).
These results reveal that an extended network of prefrontal and posterior temporal regions underpins semantic control.
We examined the influence of rTMS over left IFG and pMTG in combination with a standard manipulation of semantic control from the neuroimaging literature: participants made semantic relatedness judgments involving strong or weak associations between cues and targets (Thompson-Schill et al. 1997; Wagner et al. 2001; Badre et al. 2005).
These results support a functional dissociation between left ITG and pMTG, consistent with a revised neural organization in which left prefrontal and posterior temporal areas work together to underpin aspects of semantic control.
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