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Odds ratios were calculated for sliding windows at constant amount of selenium concentration data points to determine the relationship between selenium concentration and disease risk.
Additional adjustment for smoking made no difference to the association between selenium concentration and risk and the association was similar when current smokers were excluded from the analysis (results not shown).
The observation that the mean selenium concentration was similar between men with localised and advanced disease also suggests that disease status is unlikely to influence the association between selenium concentration and prostate cancer risk in this study population.
However, smoking was not associated with risk in this study population and additional adjustment for smoking made no appreciable difference to the association between selenium concentration and cancer risk.
A subsidiary aim is to examine whether factors that may influence selenium status, such as smoking (Hunter et al, 1990), vitamin E intake (Diplock, 1978) or the aggressiveness of disease at the time of recruitment (Yoshizawa et al, 1998; Goodman et al, 2001) modify the association between selenium concentration and prostate cancer risk.
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The lack of association between selenium concentrations and global DNA methylation in our study population is in contrast to the results of Pilsner et al. (2011), who measured plasma selenium in relation to global leukocyte DNA methylation.
Lastly, we re-ran our regression analyses examining the link between selenium concentrations and GDS scores (total and subfactors) after stratification of the sample on genotype at the GPX1 polymorphismlymorpolymorphism
The test for multiplicative interaction between selenium concentration (in quartiles) and smoking status was not statistically significant after including these terms together with the interaction term into the model (P=0.169).
Das and Ma (1986) reported similar findings, with a reverse correlation between serum selenium concentration and ovarian cancer incidence[ 35].
In general linear univariate regression models, a positive association between serum selenium concentration and age was found (β = 0.080 ± 0.001, P = .006), and between the serum selenium concentration and BMI (β = 0.057 ± 0.003, P = .049).049
The relationship between serum selenium concentration and thyroid volume was investigated by simple and multivariate linear regression, with log-transformed thyroid volume as the dependent variable.
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