Sentence examples for between sampling and sequencing from inspiring English sources

With the increasing capacity of sequencing technologies, the lag between sampling and sequencing viral genomes is expected to decrease, making earlier parameter estimation feasible in future epidemics and before alternative types of data become available.

Additional amovas of mtDNA haplotypes were based on an FST analog statistic (ΦST) that accounts for both haplotype-frequency differences between samples and sequence divergences between haplotypes.

The six libraries were multiplexed before polymerase chain reaction amplification to avoid coverage heterogeneity between samples and sequenced in two channels producing 10 M reads (single-end) per sample.

Normal variation in hybridization conditions and sequencing runs will likely cause the relative contribution of each of these sources of error to fluctuate between individual samples and sequencing runs.

No fixed differences were found between these samples and sequence data on modern muskoxen in GenBank [ 7](cf. OMMod01-08, OMModCl, table 5).

Relationships between samples were assessed using Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) based on a pairwise genetic distance matrix (number of base differences per sequence) between samples, and using the UPGMA method based on the number of substitutions per site from averaging over all sequence pairs between groups using the Tamura-Nei model [ 34].

These include level of divergence between sample and reference, average read length, average sequencing depth and damage level (here designated by levels of fragmentation bias and cytosine deamination at sequence ends).

Sequencing was performing in-house using 35 base pair (bp) chemistry (Applied Biosystems) and raw sequencing read counts were mapped to miRBase V16.0 (Canis familiaris), normalised to account for the varying sequencing depths between samples, and differential expression inferred using the DESeq script for R statistical language.

Sequence variation between sample and the reference can be in the form of copy number changes or other aberrations.

The DnaSP (DNA Sequence Polymorphism) software package version 4.0 (Rozas and Rozas 1997, 1999) was used for analysis of DNA polymorphism, sequence divergence between samples, and recombination between haplotypes.

This pattern confirms the trend previously suggested by microarray analysis [ 24], and represents a more robust dataset from which to make such observations: unlike the previous experiment, which involved hybridizing non-human samples to a human-specific microarray, these qRT-PCR results are not confounded by sequence mismatches between sample and microarray chip.