The dissimilarity in taxonomic and functional composition between samples was measured with Bray-Curtis distance [ 47].
A fold change in gene expression between samples was measured by Log2 of the RPKM ratio.
The genetic distance between samples was measured for each SNP with an R implementation of Weir and Cockerham formula [ 46, 94].
Global differences between different samples were measured by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discrimination Analysis (LDA).
For all unsupervised clustering, distances between the samples were measured as the Euclidean distance and were clustered using the Ward method.
The electro-optical characteristics of the samples were measured between 350 and 1,100 nm every 4,000 cycles for up to 20,000 cycles.
Recombinant human EpCAM standard was used in a concentration range between 75 – 5,000 pg/mL and ascites samples were measured in a dilution of 1 10 in an assay puffer and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature.
Distance between bands and exact locations of C samples were measured to the nearest 0.01 mm.
Systematic biases were minimized between the 1974 and 1989 laboratory analyses because the samples were measured concurrently, although freezer storage time was different.
