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No substantial difference was observed between samples irradiated at low temperature and those irradiated at room temperature, after beneficial annealing.
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In this case, precipitation was noticed even with the γ-HS samples irradiated at doses of 30 to 50 kGy.
Porcine samples irradiated at the centre demonstrated considerably higher variation in response than those irradiated at the periphery.
The maximum depth value (≈180 nm) was obtained with a 12-μm thick sample irradiated at 25 kV at the maximum electronic dose (120 mC/cm2) [120.
At 254 nm, samples irradiated in air have lower permeability coefficients and higher selectivities than samples irradiated in N2, which was ascribed to additional decreases in free volume due to photooxidation in samples irradiated in air.
The samples are irradiated at several γ-doses, up to 270 kGy, and compared with a non-irradiated sample used as reference.
Samples were irradiated at two cathode voltages of 15 and 35 kV at pulse numbers of 1, 15 and 25.
Algal samples were irradiated at 55 μmol photons m−2 s−1.
All the samples were irradiated at room temperature under normal incidence at the Tandem Laboratory, Uppsala University Sweden.
The samples were irradiated at different doses: 25 (sterilization dose), 50, 75 and 100 KGy (dose rate 0.4 kGy h−1) at room temperature in air.
Moreover, with the ion fluence increases, the optical band-gap for samples irradiated with 30 MeV Kr-ions decreases gradually, while it for samples irradiated with 196 MeV Kr-ions decreases significantly at first and then remains nearly constant.
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