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In this study, we contrast the changes in genetic diversity and adaptive evolution of the HIV-1 env gene between samples collected in the 1980s, the beginning of HIV-1 pandemics, and those collected after 2000, when the virus had spread worldwide and multiple human to human transmissions had taken place.
Net adjusted difference of 1.3 μg/dl was witnessed between samples collected in the morning and afternoon.
The highest significant value was found between samples collected in Bento Gonçalves (BG_G_peach) and in Paranapanema, SP (PR_peach), approximately 688 km apart (Table 2).
In our study, no difference was seen in binding location between samples collected in March or October, although studies during other seasons are warranted.
We tested for differences in genetic diversity between samples collected in 2008 and 2011 at 4 sites ((5) of the Appendix).
However, no such differences were found between samples collected in other reproductive states or cycle stages, either in spayed animals (p = 0.63 and p = 0.89, respectively) or in anestrous dogs (p = 0.09 and p = 0.09, respectively).
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The high cohesion between the samples collected in the vast area of western Mediterranean contrasts with the genetic mosaic of the more sub-structured eastern Mediterranean.
Student's t-test was used to study differences in phthalate and metal concentrations between soil samples collected in the open dump and control locations [54].
The observed differences in median macroelement concentrations between the samples collected in the present study (third week of lactation) and those collected in the 1980's (third month of lactation) (Table 2) may partly be related to lactation stage, since macroelement concentrations are reported to decrease and stabilize over time [ 4].
These samples exhibit similar pairwise Jaccard metrics to those observed between geographically proximal samples collected in the Western hemisphere.
Differences in species richness of the soil organism groups and E1/Dof microbial communities between d3 and mix samples collected in the heterogeneous treatment were tested for with Student's two-sample paired t-test.
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