That made trade between provinces difficult.
For Canada the rate varies between provinces.
"Going from France to Germany is like moving between provinces at home".
In Pakistan bitter rows between provinces have long scotched coherent planning.
The state regulated travel between provinces, so would-be wanderers needed papers and permission, in addition to cash.
Wang Kan of the China Institute of Industrial Relations says that, during chunyun, trips between provinces have been declining.
"In China, shareholder profit can be a lower priority than employment, or the competitive dynamics between provinces and cities".
He also described the disparity in treatment of asylum cases between provinces, something surprising to many of us in the group given the federal policy control over immigration.
Water is a source of great tension between provinces — the agricultural sector has its eye on water from the frontier provinces.
"This created an aspect in the Chinese system of intense rivalries between the provinces, as well as between provinces and the central government".
Commission member Farid Ayar also said Iraqis would be barred from travelling between provinces and a night curfew imposed to combat the threat from Sunni insurgents.
