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Finding exact alignments between probe and transcript sequences was used to attribute signal intensities of probes to transcript (or gene) expression.
By examining the effect of random mismatches, Hughes et al. [40] showed that, for 60-nucleotide long probes, on average the contribution of cross-hybridization rises above background only when the sequence identity between probe and transcript exceeds 80% (12 mismatches).
Matches including insertion/deletions between probe and transcript sequences can also give rise to strong cross-hybridization signals.
This further reduced the potential bias in gene expression estimation due to the mis-match between probe and transcript sequence.
As the edit distance between probe and transcript increases a smaller proportion of probes show strong correlations with the off-target patterns of expression.
Similar(55)
Some nucleotide polymorphisms between probes and transcripts affected signal intensities.
However, for larger match edit distances between probes and transcripts, probes with larger GC-content show higher correlation with the transcript expression levels (Supplementary Fig. S6).
For perfect matches between probes and transcripts, probes with intermediate GC-content tend to have the highest correlation with the transcript expression level.
For example, we found that the probe sequence GC-content affects the extent of cross-hybridization and may affect cross-hybridization in different ways, depending on the type of alignment between probes and transcripts.
However, as the number of matches between probes and transcripts rapidly increases with larger edit distance, it will be important to develop more sophisticated models to predict individual probe cross-hybridization.
Owing to the relatively low level of sequence similarity between probes and transcripts in cross-species hybridization, more probes might be considered to cross-hybridize in cross-species hybridization as compared to self species hybridization (Bar-or et al. 2006).
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