Suggestions(3)
Exact(4)
Second, we could not study the association between practice variation and patient centered outcomes.
For all models the between practice variation and the intercept of the model were used to estimate the 95% prevalence range for the practices (intercept plus and minus 1.96 times the square root of the between practice variation and transformed back from a logit scale).
In addition, intraclass correlations (ICC's) and a 95% range on GP practice level (intercept plus and minus 1.96 times the square root of the between practice variation and transformed back from a logit scale) were calculated for all outcome measures.
a This is the correlation between the variances of the two defined therapy groups (minor surgery and referral) at GP level b because we used nominal data the variance at the lowest level (episodes) is not determined but given by π/3 c calculated by intercept plus and minus 1.96 times the square root of the between practice variation and transformed back from a logit scale).
Similar(56)
This is the first study reporting an association between MV practice variation and ICU MV volume.
There was no evidence of clustering by practice (that is, between practice variation in the outcome rate) for suicide, self harm, and all cause mortality for varenicline or bupropion compared with nicotine replacement therapy (P=1.00, indicating no clustering by practice).
In spite of these limitations, however, we believe the most important and plausible factors to account for between practice variation have been included in this study.
Covariates were added (grand mean centered) to the model to explain the between practice variation.
The aim of our study is the inter-practice variation, which is estimated by the between practice variation in the multilevel models.
Four specific primary care initiatives promoted by cancer networks had an additional and positive impact and reduced between-practice variation.
After accounting for encounter and patient characteristics, 4.2% of the variation in high-risk NSAID prescribing was attributable to variation between practices (similar to between-practice variation found in other studies 16), and 14.2% to variation between GPs (at the upper end of between-physician variation found in other studies 16).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com