Sentence examples for between populations will be from inspiring English sources
It is generally believed that unidirectional CI cannot promote speciation in hosts because infection differences between populations will be unstable and subsequent gene flow will eliminate genetic differences between diverging populations.
It is likely, however, that local yeast populations will soon be sampled for multiple clones and that whole-genome comparisons within and between populations will be used to derive required parameters.
In general, a good coverage of the natural range, both within and between populations, will be needed to obtain a reliable reconstruction of a species's demographic history, and in fact, the effect of sampling scheme on polymorphism patterns may itself provide important information about demographic history.
A more comprehensive analysis of structural variation within and between these populations will be a target of future research.
However, if there is gene interaction such that any combination of mutant genes A1 and B2 in an individual results in inviability or sterility, the hybrids (A0 A1 betweenbetheen two two populations will be inviable or sterile.
Likewise, we predict that patterns of within-gene differentiation between An. gambiae populations will be correlated with their exposure rate to human pathogens.
In an analysis of variance (ANOVA), the variation between the polluted versus two reference populations will be significant if it is greater than the average variation within the polluted population and the combined reference populations.
The widespread existence of latitude-dependent photoperiod cues in plant phenology (Aitken et al. 2008) suggests that the phenological contrasts between climate-matched and native oak populations will be shared by other plant species.
While a trend between UCP1 3826G and higher HDL-C levels detected in the SA population has been reported previously [ 51], clearly replication of the association between this SNP and AIRg in other populations will be needed to confirm this finding.
Transcriptomic scan (eQST) can indeed reveal adaptation, as outlier genes, showing the highest levels of differentiation between populations, will represent those that are most likely to evolve under directional selection [ 37].
