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Correlations between parametric variables were calculated using Pearson's coefficients.

Differences between continuous parametric variables were examined with the t test, continuous nonparametric variables were examined with the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and dichotomous variables were examined with the χ test.

Between-group differences in parametric variables were determined by Student t test and in nonparametric variables by Mann-Whitney U test.

Differences between groups of parametric variables were validated by the t test for means.

Parametric variables were compared between groups using a t-test, while non-parametric variables were compared using a Mann–Whitney test.

Parametric variables were summarized using mean ± SD.

The relationship between two parametric or non parametric variables was assessed using both InStat version 3.0 for basic between-group comparisons, SPSS version 16.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) for logistic regression analyses and MedCalc version 10 (Mariakerke, Belgium) for ROC calculations.

Parametric variables are given as mean±s.d., and non-parametric variables as median and range.

Correlations between continuous non-parametric variables were assessed by calculating Spearman's rank correlation coefficient or by the κ-test in the case of categorical variables (Landis and Koch, 1977).

Non-parametric variables were compared between groups by the Mann-Whitney rank test.

Univariate analysis of non-parametric variables was performed by Spearman's non- parametric correlation test.