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The relationship between intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the surrounding niche environment is complex and dynamic.
Magness and colleagues present a microwell-based culture system to analyse interactions between intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and Paneth cells, and show that their direct contact enhances formation of ISC-derived organoids.
Here, upon sporadic activation of oncogenic K-ras, we provide insights into how an unequal competition between intestinal stem cells initiates a biased drift to crypt clonality that is followed by clonal expansion through enhanced crypt fission.
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This constant regeneration is a hallmark of intestinal homeostasis and requires a tightly regulated balance between intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation.
In mammals, intestinal homeostasis is maintained by the balance between intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, directed differentiation, and removal of dead cells in adults [ 1].
Paneth cells reside at the base of the small intestinal crypts, interspersed between the intestinal stem cells (Snippert et al., 2010).
Karp and his colleagues at MIT looked at the basic biology of the ties between paneth cells and intestinal stem cells and identified small molecules that could communicate directly with and control the Lgr5+ stem cells.
These results suggest that LGR5-positive cells in the intestine are true intestinal stem cells and that LGR5 regulates intestinal stem cell differentiation in mouse.
Thus, an unequal competition between wild-type and mutant intestinal stem cells initiates a biased drift that leads to the clonal expansion of crypts carrying oncogenic mutations.
Thus, the intestinal stem cells seem to be the slender cells situated between the Paneth cells.
The small intestine epithelium undergoes rapid and continuous regeneration supported by crypt intestinal stem cells (ISCs).
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