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*Difference between intervention and reference group (p < 0.05) (bolded).
Only for women, differences between intervention and reference group were significant for the subscales social functioning, vitality, and bodily pain.
Total costs during the follow-up were not statistically significantly different between intervention and reference group (€9480 versus €10 952).
For women, the differences between intervention and reference group were significant on the subscales social functioning (mean change between intervention and reference group -4.3, 95% CI: -6.9 to -1.7), vitality (-3.0, 95% CI: -4.9 to -1.1), and bodily pain (-2.8, 95% CI: -5.5 to -0.2).
Differences between intervention and reference group at baseline were tested with Pearson´s x² for distribution in sex, education (health care workers), current smoking status and the dichotomized parameter for musculoskeletal symptoms in neck, shoulders, upper- and lower back.
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Significant differences between intervention and equivalent reference groups were found for quality of life (p=0.007) and wellbeing (p=0.02, 0.01) indicating a deterioration for the intervention group.
Figures 3a i illustrate changes in self-rated measures and biological markers over time between the intervention and reference groups, respectively.
After 5-years of intervention we found no difference in mean change in PCS and MCS between the intervention and reference group in both genders and low-SES.
After 5-years of intervention we found no difference in mean change in both PCS and MCS between the intervention and reference group across gender.
With respect to physical exercise, our results show no differences in physical capacity (strength and aerobic fitness) between the intervention and reference groups.
There were no significant differences in dropout rates between the groups (6.9% in the intervention group vs. 9.8% in the reference group, p between groups = n.s).. Nor were there any significant differences between the intervention and reference groups in socioeconomic background or psychophysiological measures at baseline.
More suggestions(16)
between measure and reference
between machine and reference
between meaning and reference
between sample and reference
between index and reference
between read and reference
between survey and reference
between intervention and control
between intervention and survival
between intervention and time
between sense and reference
between test and reference
between physiotherapy and reference
between intervention and outcome
between intervention and manipulation
between query and reference
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