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In 1972, Singer and Nicolson made the important distinction between integral and peripheral membrane proteins in the fluid mosaic model of biological membranes[14].
Notably, AIF is proposed as an integral inner membrane protein after alkaline treatment at pH 10.5 (Otera et al., 2005), rather than pH 11.5, although pH 11.5 is the typical protocol for sodium carbonate treatment to distinguish between integral and peripheral membrane proteins (Fujiki et al., 1982).
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A major part of membrane function is conducted by proteins, both integral and peripheral.
Integral and peripheral membrane proteins diminish the surface area available for passive transport, causing the process to become slower.
Molecular dynamics simulations may be used to probe the interactions of both integral and peripheral membrane proteins with lipid bilayers.
Membrane lipids not only serve as a physical barrier, but also interact with a wide variety of integral and peripheral membrane proteins to regulate their localization and activity.
The binding of chemicals to both integral and peripheral membrane proteins leads to a decrease in the free concentration of chemicals, thus reducing all types of transport.
Proteins associated with membranes, both integral and peripheral proteins, have to come to terms with the curvature stresses in the bilayer 42, 74, 75.
If one draws a sharp distinction between integral parts and substantial parts, the next natural thought would be to distinguish between integral and substantial wholes.
Structurally, they can be divided into integral (V0) and peripheral (V1) membrane sectors [ 17].
It has been established that intracellular localization of endo-lysosomal components is integral to their cellular function, for example starvation and altered intracellular pH have been shown to redistribute lysosomes between perinuclear and peripheral regions of the cell [32,33].
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