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Exact(7)
True copulation, or sexual union between individuals, does not occur in this process.
Nevertheless, the mere presence of proximity between individuals does not imply a social interaction (as proximity can occur without active communication between participants), and thus physical proximity cannot trivially be used for inferring social connections.
Another potential problem with the regression approach for measuring the intergenerational correlation in labor earnings is that it requires that the variance in labor earnings between individuals does not change over generations, else it will measure ρ σ yf 2 / σ ys 2.
Within a given community of interest mtDNA Hg identity shared between individuals does not necessarily indicate that they derive from a common ancestor that lived within the historical time frame of existence of the community.
With regards to these considerations, the focus of our experiment was to verify whether different ways to distribute a given amount of money, affects effort and cooperation within a context where interaction between individuals does not involve any explicit process related to emotional cues and/or to strategic or "perspective-taking" considerations.
This model hinges on the conjecture that populations are simple collections of individuals, and the nature or arrangement of interactions between individuals does not alter patterns of risk (Koopman and Lynch 1999).
Similar(53)
The close connections between the HBV/E variants (Fig. 3 and 5) and frequent sharing of HBV sequences between individuals did not allow for a clear division of these HBV/E variants into separate strains, suggesting that the population of variants can be seen as a single swarm evolving among many hosts.
Surprisingly, in these studies, the most pronounced radiation-responsive genes (Rieger and Chu, 2004), which show high variation in expression between individuals, do not seem to be predictive of radiation toxicity.
Association analyses of simulated data-sets yielded a distribution of empirical P-values that fit well with those expected under the theoretical model indicating that, in this particular case, the relationships between individuals do not inflate the significance of the results obtained (data not shown).
However, the relative difference between controls and 'primed' individuals does not appear to change with timing of the secondary exposure.
Additionally, the variation in time tested (time of death) between both groups and individuals does not permit an accurate comparison of overall differences in viral loads.
Related(20)
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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