Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test factorial validity, Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess reliability, and comparisons between groups were used as criterion validity.
Non-parametric tests for the differences between groups were used, as appropriate, based on the distribution of continuous variables.
The following antibodies were used: β-actin, HSV1-TK and β-galactosidase (Santa Cruz Biotech, Santa Cruz, CA) Student t tests or analyses between groups were used for statistical analysis as appropriate.
Contrasts between groups were used to generate p-values, moderated t statistics, Empirical Bayes statistics, and M values [log2 (ratio)].
Contrasts between groups were used to generate p-values, moderated t statistics, Empirical Bayes statistics, and M value [log2 (ratio)].
The Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test for comparison between groups were used, as appropriate.
For continuous variables, a permutation test based on difference in medians between groups is used.
The power (80%%) at an α-level of 0.05 to detect a significant difference in peak VO2 (ml kg−1 min−1) of ~1.2 ml kg−1 min−1 between groups was used.
A factorial ANOVA (between groups) was used to analyze the data.
For significance analyses, analysis of variance (ANOVA) between groups was used and P < 0.05 was considered significant.
The mean difference in change between groups was used as main treatment effect along with 95% confidence intervals.
