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Briefly, a bone atlas is an average model that captures the primary shape variation of a bone and allows for the comparison of global shape differences between groups or populations, guaranteeing standardization, normalization, and landmark correspondence across a population.
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The fact that online and on-street collective behaviors would be coupled in this way is consistent with the notion that civil unrest is a time-varying coordinated interaction between individuals, groups or populations with significant feedback between issues in the past and present.
On-street protests result from complex, time-varying interactions between individuals, groups or populations within a given cultural and socioeconomic setting - and are therefore likely affected by feedback between online and on-street activity.
Within these limits, other design considerations produced only modest differences in study population criteria between groups or differences in the application of the interventions, as highlighted below.
Often in paleoanthropology, the research goal is to understand differences in energy expenditure between groups, populations, or species whose absolute size are relatively similar, but whose shape varies in interesting ways (e.g. modern humans and Neandertals).
Thus, F statistics was used to estimate the extent of differentiation, between groups (populations and sub-populations) (Hartl and Clark 1997).
The comparative F-statistics test for significant differences in base-frequencies among populations (FST) or between groups of populations classified as reference or polluted (FCT).
SAMOVA v. 1.0 [ 24] was used to identify geographical groupings that maximized genetic variance between groups of populations (F SC).
The differences in landscape variables between groups of populations were only significant for the proportion of crops/semi-natural grasslands (P = 0.029; Table 1).
Several loci exhibited noticeably different degrees of diversity between groups of populations.
The differences in growth rates between groups, populations 1 and 2 and New Zealand versus Puget Sound population 1 isolates, were greater than any within group variability.
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