These rupture propagation features were consistent with those obtained by the analyses of seismic waveforms and geodetic data, and by field investigations.
No complementary geodetic deformation was observed, but retrospective analysis of geodetic data (Miyaoka and Takagi 2016) confirmed that minor near-summit deformation did occur.
The variance reductions of near-field waveforms, teleseismic waveforms, and geodetic data are 86.3, 62.7, and 99.6 %, respectively.
The source fault model and slip distribution for this earthquake is estimated by seismic waveforms and geodetic data (e.g. Asano and Iwata, 2008; Ohta et al., 2008).
In this study, we invert geodetic data of horizontal and vertical surface displacements to estimate the 1-yr afterslip following the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake.
Joint inversion of seismic and geodetic data can integrate the kinematic features of seismic data and the static features of geodetic data (Delouis et al. 2002); however, the weighting between different datasets is always an issue.
In geodetic data inversion, insufficient observational data and smoothness constraints for model parameters make it difficult to clearly resolve small-scale heterogeneous structures with discontinuous boundaries.
Hikima et al. (2008) used strong motion and geodetic data.
The panel concluded that the USGS procedure for taking account of the historical, geological, and geodetic data in forecasting future New Madrid quakes had been an appropriate one.
However, the relationship between the external and internal characteristics of volcanoes and sub-volcanic intrusions is often difficult to observe at outcrop or interpret uniquely from geophysical and geodetic data.
