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Despite the fact that there is generally a negative correlation between generation time and the mutation rate per year, there is a positive correlation between generation time and the mutation rate per generation (table 3, figure 3).
Because of the general form of the relation between generation time and reproduction number seen in equation (12), this will result in over-estimates of the household reproduction number R* (r).
The relationship between generation time and resistance evolution is evaluated.
In contrast to the study by Vieira-Silva, we found a positive correlation between generation time and codon usage bias in highly expressed genes (ΔENC).
Under these circumstances it is not surprising that isolates with high Tp maximize r rather than LRS and vice versa due to the negative relationship between generation time and temperature [ 3, 7].
In agreement with Vieira-Silva and Rocha (2010), we found no significant correlation between generation time and genome size, either in thermophiles (ρ = 0.56, P = 0.096) or in nonthermophiles (ρ = −0.01, P = 0.92, fig. 4 a).
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What matters is a balance between generation time, effective and sample size (the rate of common ancestry: probability to reach a common ancestor per time unit) and time spacing: the greater the time spacing and the sample size, and the smaller the generation time and the effective size, the greater the heterochrony effect.
We found a significant negative correlation between generation time on one side and the number of rRNA operons and transcriptional regulators on the other side.
For instance, they state that they find a "significant negative correlation between generation time on one side and the number of rRNA operons and transcriptional regulators per Mb on the other side".
The larger the difference between the generation time and the duration of C (replication) and D (segregation) periods, the larger the overlap [23].
When using τ = 3.859 and the 11% per million years mutation rate for the mtDNA control region [ 33], the time of population expansion is estimated to be between 15 000 (3 year generation time) and 45 000 (1 year generation time) years ago, or between 45 800 and 138 000 years ago when estimated with a more conserved mutation rate of 3.6% per million years [ 32].
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