MacLean has hypothesized that similar effects on extracellular signaling pathways could be triggered by direct and indirect mechanotransduction54.
Differentiation of preadipocytes to lipid storing adipocytes involves extracellular signaling pathways, matrix remodeling and cytoskeletal changes.
Cellular effects of RF-EMF exposure reportedly involve the apoptotic pathway, extracellular signal pathway, DNA damage response, cell proliferation, and cell cycle3,12,13,14,15.
If so, this may provide an additional link between extracellular signaling mechanisms and intracellular signaling pathways, such as P38/MAPK, which are the focus of intensive study by molecular oncology researchers.
To determine the downstream intracellular signaling pathways affected by apelin treatment, we explored the relationship between extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and PI3-K phosphorylation of CVSMCs and treatment with apelin.
As with most other components of the extracellular apoptosis signalling pathways, FADD is highly evolutionarily conserved.
Because TAG production, which is under conditional WhiB3 control, is also induced on exposure to NO, CO and hypoxia through the Dos dormancy system (Refs 147, 164, 165), these data establish a novel link between an intracellular (WhiB3) and extracellular (Dos) signalling pathway.
The DGC complex is thought to be a signal transduction complex that serves as a link between the extracellular matrix, inner signalling pathways and cell cytoskeleton (Hoffman et al, 1987; Butler et al, 1992).
More importantly, AS is elaborately regulated through cell type-, development-, and extracellular signal-related pathways [ 30].
Nucleotide signalling in development probably involves a cross-talk between several other signalling pathways, including growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix components.
