There was no firm evidence of an association between educational level in phase 1 and promotion (for >18 years of education vs. ≤16 years, OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.38).
A few previous studies have investigated potential explanatory factors in adolescence for the association between educational level in general and long-term sickness or disability [ 4, 19, 26].
An inverse association is reported between educational level, in both women and men, and IPV in general (2) and after birth (21).
However, there is less information on relationship between educational levels and osteoporosis in Iranian population.
Two longitudinal studies found that inequities in prenatal care and institutional delivery between educational levels had not improved in the 1990s (26, 33), but there have been no studies exploring if these differences are narrowing or widening after 2000.
Although we did not find differences in the understanding und use of food labels between different educational levels in our study, it may be useful to address socio-economic status as a primary variable in specifically designed studies.
A further illustration shows that sTAF for low educated women increased from 29% to 33% between the periods 1982 to 2001, indicating the widening gap in smoking between educational levels among immigrant women at the time of their first antenatal visit.
Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the association between educational levels as an indicator of SES and BP in early and mid-pregnancy, PIH, and to elucidate the mediating factors of these associations among Japanese pregnant women.
For example, systems that generally emphasize meritocratic transitions between educational levels (e.g., middle to high school in Romania or high school to university in Chile or South Korea) may be better placed to extract effort and high human capital investment from students and parents.
The difference in coping strategies between educational levels has been suggested to influence outcome after rehabilitation.
