Sentence examples for between different defense pathways from inspiring English sources

Usually, there are cross-communications between different defense pathways those genes belonging to, which provide an ability that allows plants to integrate environmental, developmental and defense-related signals, fine-tuning its defense responses.

According to a model proposed by Kou [ 46], a single gene conferring BSR may function in either basal-resistance pathways, in overlapping pathways that confer race-specific resistances, or at sites of cross-talk between different defense pathways.

Common as well as different defense pathways were revealed and are discussed.

The expression levels of five representative defense genes that are regulated through different defense signaling pathways and three marker genes for pathogen-associated molecular patterns-triggered immunity (PTI) were analyzed and compared between the pTRV2-SlSR1 and pTRV2-SlSR3L-infiltrated plants and the pTRV2-GUS-infiltrated plants.

Network analyses of identified proteins revealed intra and inter relationship of these proteins with their neighbors as well as their association with different defense signaling pathways.

Overall, the results indicate a comprehensive, highly regulated cellular stress response to CS exposure, which involves different cellular defense pathways.

However, cross talk and synergistic effects between the defense pathways mediated by SA and JA/ET during different pathogenic infections has been proposed [ 20].

The JA and SA defense pathways have often been observed to display negative cross-talk, whereby an increase in the level of one phytohormone reduces the defense responses under control of the other [ 5] and this is possibly adaptive since it could allow plants to fine-tune the balance between different defensive strategies [ 6- 8].

Studies with Arabidopsis mutants in different hormone-dependent defense pathways showed that defense against necrotrophs primarily employs jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent pathways [ 10, 11].

Our microarray data, which identified different defense and metabolic pathways, is congruent with the results from previous studies by Siviero et al [ 18].

It is believed that NPR1 also plays a role in the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway and mediates the crosstalk between SA-JA defense pathways to fine-tune defense responses [ 27, 30, 34- 36].