In the case of tree species, we also performed the multiresponse permutation procedure (MRPP) to test whether the phylogenetic distance between species was significantly lower within than between compartments, by using the mrpp function of the R vegan package [32] and by taking group size as the group weight.
Ratios of induced to suppressed genes in Figure 3A were tested for a difference between cellular compartments using Chi-square statistics.
To alter the localization state of the system in a spatiotemporally controlled manner, we relocated Tiam1 between these compartments using a chemically inducible dimerization (CID) technique, whereby two protein modules dimerize upon addition of a chemical dimerizer.
Establishing qualitative patency between adjacent CSF compartments using MRI is possible with a modified ASL technique.
Within groups, we compared variables between time points and between blood and CSF compartments, using Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests.
This redistribution of β-catenin between compartments was quantified using the ratio of the β-catenin level in the nucleus (N) compartment and cytosol-membrane (CM) compartment (the N CM ratio).
Finally, active transport between compartments was described using the constants k active C and k active N where the superscript related to the compartment from which β-catenin was being transported ('C' cytosol-membrane and 'N' nucleus).
Although no substantial difference is observed between simulations using the simpler two-compartment cytosol model or the multishell eight-compartment cytosol model and no advantage is gained from using the larger and slower model, it is adopted here to give comparability with Zeuthen's et al. (7, 9, 22) and Lapointe's (3, 5) models for simulation across GLUT2.
Statistical differences of mRNA expression between the spleen compartments were evaluated using the Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparisons Test.
A mass balance was calculated for each congener to evaluate the partitioning between the compartments at steady state using the weight or volume and the concentrations in the different compartments.
