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Finally, we have evaluated the performance of these transcripts as a signature in discriminating between benign tissue samples, localised PCa and metastatic disease in an additional dataset generated by Grasso et al. ROC curves reveal that the signature exceeds the performance of ERG, KLK3 or the AR as a classifier.
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The initial conclusion from these data is that any combination of more than five to ten genes increases the reliability of distinguishing between malignant and benign tissue samples.
Of the 126 genes from the TMPRSS2-ERG comparison, 24 genes were also found in our initial comparison of expression profiles between tumor and benign tissue samples.
By contrast, signatures 3 and 4 contained genes that predominantly discriminated between metastatic cases and benign tissue samples.
In both datasets, we were able to firstly reconfirm the ability of these 33 genes to discriminate between localised prostate cancer and benign tissue samples.
Since both the AR and KLK3 are expressed in both untransformed prostate cells and prostate cancer it is perhaps not surprising that neither yielded an AUC of >0.65 in discriminating between localised prostate cancer and benign tissue samples.
Eliminating those tissue samples, 66 benign tissue samples and 115 cancer tissue samples are remained for Data1, and 14 benign and 36 cancer tissue samples remained for Data2.
Benign tissue samples were excised from cancer-free areas of the prostates.
As shown before, benign tissue samples were more affected than malignant cores [ 42, 43].
PIF-CP mRNA was detected in 27 (59%) tumour samples and 31 (67%) adjacent benign tissue samples.
We are convinced that these associations are best studied in benign breast tissue and, thus, restricted this analysis to breast cancer patients for whom benign tissue samples placed on tissue microarrays (TMA) were available.
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