Hence, a detailed articulation of such variations is likely to contribute to an assessment of where and how future studies on argumentation can place a concerted effort in maximizing understanding of argumentation's utility for science teaching and learning.
Great Debate: Developing Argumentation Skills: In this 2010 lesson, students consider the characteristics of effective debate and learn about various formats.
This clearly demonstrates that students' argumentation ability and conceptual change were both facilitated through receiving the on-line Synchronous Argumentation science learning program.
Three reasons have been outlined for the importance of argumentation in teaching and learning ethics: (a) Arguments are a way of finding out which views are better than others.
Argumentation is a critically important discourse process in science and it should be taught and learned in the science classroom as part of scientific inquiry and literacy.
Two classes of 8th grade students (the experimental group) received the on-line scientific argumentation learning program about chemical reaction, and the other two classes of 8th grade students (the control group) received the same on-line scientific learning program about chemical reaction, but without argumentation, for two weeks.
The teacher challenges were described by three themes, they were a) the influences of habits and traditional methods, b) the need for understanding scientific subject matter, and c) the difficulty of teaching and learning argumentation.
The teachers referred the resistances to changes and new things to the stability preference of the culture and this cultural feature would challenge teachers and students in teaching and learning argumentation when the designed curriculum was applied into practices.
It is understood from the teachers that teaching and learning argumentation in primary education in Vietnam is more challenging than in Western countries because the Vietnamese culture supports hierarchy, academic knowledge, and stability.
In recent years, the teaching and learning argumentation (i.e. the coordination of evidence and theory to support or refute an explanatory conclusion, model or prediction) has emerged as a significant educational goal.
