In this instance, we treat individual populations as independent, and select markers, which explain equally well the difference between all these populations.
Population differentiation was tested between all population pairs and among all populations, at each locus and over all loci, using FSTAT [38], [39] and GENEPOP to compute unbiased estimates of FST [40].
However, we found very little deviation from these FST values between all other population comparisons, indicating maintenance of, and no large change in, population connectivity over these generations.
The level of differentiation between all other population pairs was limited (F ST < 0.01, p-value >0.05; Table 3).
The Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 is a metabolic pathway that is also significantly (P<0.05) differentiated between all three population pairs.
For population mean fitness, separate linear mixed models were built for f < 0.40 to make pairwise comparisons between all three population sizes and for f > 0.40 to compare the N2 and N10 populations.
Distribution of FST values for nonsynonymous and silent SNPs between all populations, and between Mediterranean and Atlantic populations, are presented on Figure S4.
However, frequency differences of these shared alleles were found between all population pairs (except Rhro-DQA1*01, 02).
The genetic differentiation between all population pairs was significantly different from zero except for the four populations in Sichuan Province (EMS, HY, BX and YB), indicating detectable genetic differentiations (Table 2).
For each species, population differentiation (FST) averaged across all loci, and pairwise FST estimates between all population pairs [ 79] were calculated using fstat 2.9.3.2.
