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For example, the PREs of the polyhomeotic gene (ph) maintain an equilibrium between activation and silencing instead of an on and off switch as proposed for the Hox PREs [ 42, 43].
Reprograming of cell phenotype is made possible by changes in activation of master transcription factors, employing epigenetic modifications that preserve a flexible mode, permitting a shift between activation and silencing of genes.
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A recent study reported that knock down of NOTCH1 induces BCC apoptosis through the inactivation of NF κB, suggesting crosstalk between NOTCH1 and NF κB activation, and silencing of NOTCH1 resulted in downregulation of NF κB in BCSCs (Mao et al, 2013) and growth arrest in leukemic cells (Vilimas et al, 2007).
Despite recent advances in elucidating the genetics and epigenetics of var gene activation and silencing, not much is known about how mutually exclusive switching between the 60 var genes is controlled at the molecular level.
siRNAs are known to be responsible for both activation and silencing of mammalian genes.
Differentiation processes are characterized by dynamic changes in gene activation and silencing.
Metazoan development involves the successive activation and silencing of specific gene expression programs and is driven by tissue-specific transcription factors programming the chromatin landscape.
Here we review the rapidly growing toolbox of transgenic mice and rats that exhibit functional expression of engineered opsins for neuronal activation and silencing with light.
The results demonstrate that activation and silencing of homoeoalleles were not widespread in haploid seedlings.
These genes might be poised, having 'bivalent domains', which harbor both activation and silencing marks [ 44].
This finding implies the complexity of gene activation and silencing mechanism during Brassica polyploidization.
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