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The variance of relative survival is a function of the absolute and expected survival as well as the variance of absolute survival and expected survival and the covariance between absolute and expected survival (see Appendix).
In age-standardised survival, the correlation between absolute and expected survival is substantially reduced.
Overestimations were overall larger in case of long survival times, that is, for 10- than for 5-year survival, and in case of higher correlations between absolute and expected survival.
Both cancer sites had the highest correlation between absolute and expected survival, which can be explained by the large age gradient in prognosis of patients with these two malignancies.
To investigate the assumption of negligible standard error of expected survival and negligible correlation between absolute and expected survival, standard errors for non-standardised expected survival were estimated by bootstrapping, and Pearson's correlation coefficients of the point estimates of non-standardised absolute and expected survival in the bootstrap samples were calculated.
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The absolute error E 1 is calculated between the forecasted and expected CDFs, and the absolute error E 2 is calculated between the forecasted and expected higher order moment autocorrelation functions.
We risk assuming that the public distinguishes between absolute and relative poverty.
Thus, we would be unable to distinguish between absolute and relative omniscience and omnipotence.
Absolute differences (error) between RAS values obtained by allelotyping using DNA-pools and expected RAS values calculated from calls obtained by individual genotyping of the same DNA samples.
Furthermore, for many cancer sites, a substantial positive correlation between non-standardised absolute survival and expected survival computed by Hakulinen's method was observed, which can be explained by the common variation of absolute and expected survival, as both estimates decrease with increasing age.
Andy Flower has given the batsmen extra responsibility and expects absolute concentration in return.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com