The gravitational force between two protons at a given distance is only about 5 × 10−39 times as strong as the Coulomb force at the same separation, which itself is 1,400 times weaker than the strong nuclear force.
Spatial separation is another primary feature of movement and we show in Figure 2a the raw distribution of rides occurring between two stations at a given distance.
I don't know how far one object should 'pop out' in front of another for a given distance between the two objects...
In addition, for direct link (DL) transmission, the GASE was calculated for a given distance between the BS and the user.
For cooperative transmission, on the other hand, the GASE was calculated for a given distance between the relay and the user.
To determine which model would be more appropriate we plotted the normalized flux between two locations separated by a given distance in Figure 4C.
As we will show later in the simulation results, without transmission power constraints, there are some power values for a given distance between a source and a destination where the communication cannot be completed with respect to a minimum threshold received power.
Using this figure we can find out which is the minimum vehicular density required to achieve a minimum multi-hop connectivity probability between two nodes separated by a given distance.
Electrostatic interactions are modeled as the probability of observing a given distance between centroids of amino acids.
Since a given amount of smoothing corresponds to a given distance between loci this provides us with a first approximation to the effective resolution of a method.
