When it comes to explaining variance in behavior, the basic idea is that the statistical analysis of experimental results yields a correlation between a personality variable (such as extroversion) and a behavioral variable (such as an act of helping).
Partial correlation analyses between the behavioral variables (parent-reported and self-reported conduct and hyperactivity scores) and fear recognition were also run.
These results are in accordance with the positive correlation between these two behavioral variables [37], [46].
There were no correlations between IQ and behavioral variables in either the gifted or the average group (p>0.05).
The significance of the difference between behavioral variables, response time and subjective evaluations is estimated with the Wilcoxon signed rank test (non parametric test, [5]); the hypothesis tested is that the distribution of two random variables for matched pairs is the same.
Spearman correlations were used to assess the relationship between behavioral variables and recognition of emotions.
We collected behavioral data on all adult females (15 18 in PB, 21 24 in R1) using focal animal sampling [Martin & Bateson, 1993] (interobserver reliability: Cohen's kappa = 0.69 0.90, correlation coefficients between behavioral variables = 0.79 0.98, all P < 0.05).
Furthermore, moderate correlations between PCB and behavioral variables were found for figural fluency, response shifting and digit symbol.
Therefore, to obtain standardized and comparable estimates for the strength of different relationships, we calculated Fisher's Z-transformed Spearman rank correlations between the three behavioral variables in each year separately to describe group-level patterns (see also Dingemanse et al. 2007 for a similar approach in a between-population context).
We tested for associations between the three behavioral variables: female mobility, male quivering, and male fluttering; using the number of bouts, N, we fitted a series of generalized linear models with a Poisson error structure, N ∼female mobility + (or) ∗ male quivering + (or) ∗ male fluttering [ 47] (see legends to Figures S1C and S1D).
