Results from the independent-samples t test showed that learners in the enthusiastic agent condition (M = 7.0, SD = 2.5) reported a significantly better perception of the learning environment, compared to learners in the neutral agent condition (M = 5.1, SD = 2.5), t 70) = 3.178, p = .002.002
Also, agent enthusiasm influences learners to have better perceptions of the multimedia learning interface and of the pedagogical agent itself, thereby encouraging them to continue using the multimedia learning system in the future.
Additionally, learners who interacted with an enthusiastic agent had better perceptions of the multimedia learning environment and of the pedagogical agent, than did learners who interacted with a neutral agent.
Therefore, students who pursue interpersonal goals in learning, striving to acquire knowledge and improve their skills in that domain, are more likely to report better perception of their ability to cope with their patients' psychosocial needs.
The higher scores of factors from CLENQ indicated more positive perceptions of the clinical learning environment and, accordingly, better perceptions of teaching, less workload stress, less social relationship pressure, better organisational support, and better trust.
items on learning opportunities are used to measure perceptions of learning opportunities as well as perceptions of role autonomy (Cassar 2004 ; Roff et al. 2005 ).
Factors such as self-perceptions of learning, self-perceptions of teachers, academic self-perceptions, self-perceptions of atmosphere, and social self-perceptions are currently considered as major domains that comprise the educational environment of medical schools [ 11].
In the present study, the scores were: students' perceptions of learning 21.2/48, perceptions of teachers 24.2/44, academic self-perceptions 15.8/32, perceptions of atmosphere 23.8/48 and social-self perceptions 14.5/28.
