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Insulin-dependent Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a devastating autoimmune disease that destroys beta cells within the pancreatic islets and afflicts over 10 million people worldwide.
eGFP expression was specific to beta cells within the islets (Fig. 5, panels A, B and C), consistent with the specificity of the rat insulin II promoter.
When challenged with high glucose levels, dispersed islet cells secrete less insulin than beta cells within the intact islet [ 5].
We next tested whether the above actions of miR-187 were likely to be through a cell-autonomous effect of miR-187 on beta cells within the islet.
Another layer of complexity is added by the fact that beta cells within the islet, and islets themselves, are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous [ 42], which is also reflected in differential cell surface profiles and dynamics.
In type 1 diabetes, there is selective loss of the beta cells within the endocrine islets, as a consequence of T-cell and cytokine mediated destruction of these cells, perhaps in conjunction with destruction of the peri-islet Schwann cells.
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These findings may apply to the beta cell within the islet, as all cells require an integrin matrix binding for survival.
These findings may apply to the beta cell within the islet, as all cells require an integrin-matrix ligand binding for survival.
The vulnerability of these two specific cells are quite reminiscent of the beta cell within the islets of the pancreas in regards to their being unable to properly handle the elevated tension of oxidative – redox stress.
The calculated reduction in beta cell mass was based on the changes in density of beta cells within pancreata from diabetic patients, as the total pancreatic volume for recent onset patients was reported to be similar to non-diabetic controls.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by known genetic risk factors with T cell mediated infiltration and destruction of the beta cells within pancreatic islets.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com