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As REDD1 is transcriptionally activated by HIF-1α [14], we investigated if BMP2 besides modulating HIF-1α protein, promoted also inhibition of HIF-1α transcriptional activity, by using a hypoxia responsive element (HRE -luciferase reporter construct.
These unexpected results suggest that the calcilytic must have additional effects besides modulating CaSR activity.
In fact, besides modulating the levels of protein products changes in translation efficiency can further affect protein function by altering protein folding [ 33].
Polyamines in combination with brassinosteroids besides modulating ABA and IAA pathways with their cascading effects for heavy metal tolerance also modulate levels of antioxidants like glutathione, ascorbic acid, proline, glycine-betaine, and so forth and antioxidant enzymes like glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and so forth to impart stress tolerance [ 56].
Besides modulating the incentives, however, according to the strategic decisions of the participants, initial cooperation quickly diminished and converged to nearly 0% cooperation in later rounds of repeated PG games [15] [18], [32].
Besides modulating its partner proteins for cellular processes, ILK is hypothesized to be involved in an intracellular signal transduction network.
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Lipids, besides their function in modulating membrane function, can also act as second messengers in developmental signaling.
Both VEGF and PEDF, besides their role in modulating blood vessel growth, show neurotrophic and neuroprotective abilities.
Excess production of pro-inflammatory molecules such as TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) are believed to be responsible for modulating inflammation besides their crucial role in immune-inflammatory response.
Therefore, besides controlling muscle cell differentiation by modulating the expression of MyoD1 and myogenin mRNA, we also show that cytosolic MLP is important for the correct assembly and flux of the autophagic machinery.
In our previous investigation, however, we found that Bmi-1 may promote immortalization of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by modulating the expression of other genes, besides regulating p16Ink4a.
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