Spontaneous resolution on subsequent PET-CT without a change in therapy was considered benign while progression was considered malignant.
A total of 464 (29%) experienced clinical progression benign prostatic hyperplasia, 297 36%) taking placebo, 167 (21%) taking dutasteride (P<0.001).
This malignant tumor exhibits a broad spectrum of clinical features, including spontaneous regression without any treatment, maturation to a benign ganglioneuroma, or progression to metastasis leading to death.
2 3 5 Analysis of the placebo arm of some of these trials has demonstrated that an enlarged prostate is a marker for patients at risk for benign prostatic hyperplasia progression.
With men with no lower urinary tract symptoms enrolled, the REDUCE study data uniquely allowed us to demonstrate the benefit of a 5α reductase inhibitor in asymptomatic men at risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia progression due to prostatic enlargement.
This specific phenotype, which persists in benign PETs, is progressively lost with disease progression.
Figure 2 shows the time to first event indicating progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (acute urinary retention, surgery related to benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary tract infection, or symptomatic progression) for both groups.
In breast cancer, Hsp27 has been reported as a risk factor of malignant progression in benign proliferating breast lesions [ 4] and its expression could help to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions in fine needle aspirate [ 5].
These results suggested that SOX17 protects benign tumors from malignant progression at an early stage of tumorigenesis, and down-regulation of SOX17 contributes to malignant progression through promotion of Wnt activity [92].
Cichon, M. A., Degnim, A. C., Visscher, D. W. & Radisky, D. C. Microenvironmental influences that drive progression from benign breast disease to invasive breast cancer.
