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It is important to consider the clinical context and exclude a septic joint prior to arriving at the diagnosis of a benign effusion.
Male subjects comprised 60% of the MPE group compared to 74% in the benign effusion group.
The morphology of these cells and their culture characteristics were compared with that of cells derived from a benign effusion.
This is most likely because of our subjects with inflammatory pleuritis and parapneumonic effusions accounted for 35% and 17% of the benign effusion cohort.
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Among them, cyclohexanone and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol might be considered as candidate biomarkers of lung cancer to differentiate malignant from benign effusions.
A total of 36 volatile metabolites belonging to nine distinct chemical classes were identified in 40 pleural effusion samples (20 malignant effusions from lung cancer patients and 20 benign effusions from inflammatory patients).
Increased pleural FDG uptake usually indicates pleural metastases; however, because the number of benign effusions studied was small, the relevance of negative findings on FDG PET in this setting is uncertain.
The eight benign effusions exhibited staining by ME 1-14 (in 1 case), P-S100 (in 1 case), AE-1,3 (in 3 cases) and 2D.1 (in 8 cases), but not by B72.3.
A total of 161 cases were evaluated: 145 fine needle aspirates of various body sites and 16 effusions, consisting of 52 melanomas, 41 adenocarcinomas, 11 squamous cell carcinomas, 14 undifferentiated carcinomas, 8 small cell carcinomas, 8 miscellaneous carcinomas, 8 primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, 7 lymphomas/leukemias, 4 sarcomas and 8 benign effusions.
CA15-3 in effusions could differentiate malignant from benign effusions but were not specific for mesothelioma.
Mean calprotectin levels were 10-fold lower in malignant effusions than benign effusions (P<0.001).
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