Valproic acid had been reported to show some positive effects, with a benign adverse effect profile (Mellow et al 1993; Stoppe et al 1999); however, in more recent studies it does not appear to be effective for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia, whether in short or long acting preparations.
Under more benign conditions, the adverse effects may become more prominent, as altered pathogen loads, e.g. due to improved drinking water, could disturb the fine-tuning between immune response and environment.
Our research addressed the question of whether or not dutasteride, a pharmaceutical used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, may cause adverse effects in a teleost fish, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), by inhibiting the activity of both isoforms of 5α-reductase (5αR), the enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
Adverse effects include benign sinus bradycardia (RR: 7.42, 95% CI: 2.52, 21.87) and thrombocytopenia (RR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.03, NNH: 8) without deleterious consequences.
The milder clinical presentation and the benign course of MSF allow us to utilize macrolides, which are often used to treat infections in children, that lack adverse effects and are effective in vitro against Rickettsia conorii [ 28- 30].
They appear equally effective to the triptans, are less expensive, and experience adverse effects that typically are benign.
Despite such endorsements and evidence of no adverse effects other than mostly benign dental fluorosis, opposition still exists on ethical and safety grounds.
The patients were informed of the benign nature of their condition and the adverse effects of inactivity and sick leave, and were encouraged to take part in physical and other activities.
