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▪ Unemployment benefits: measures increasing the generosity of unemployment benefits (replacement rates, duration, coverage) or easing entitlement conditions.
More similar to the methodology of the present analysis, Bouis et al. (2012) identify reforms to have taken place if the annual change in the unemployment benefits' replacement rate is above two standard deviations of the average change across countries.
The starting point would be to define the mandate of the program, that is the level of benefits (replacement rate and minimum benefit) to be offered at different levels of income and their duration (something that is not usually done in the case of UISAs where the benefit can be a lump sum and if it is a monthly payment the duration is constrained by the amount of savings in the account).
On the contrary, we excluded several clear but not easily quantifiable benefits: Replacement of low-volume bus routes with composite traffic would improve service and reduce costs at the same time.
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The Benefit Replacement Ratio Index summarizes a benefit replacement ratio for various conditions.
Figure 1 Change in aggregate employment following a reduction in the initial unemployment benefit replacement rate.
Presents evidence of significant interactions between ALMP spending and UI benefit replacement rates.
The employment rate impact of a reduction in the initial unemployment benefit replacement rate appears to materialize only gradually.
The standard deviation of the annual change in the benefit replacement rate indicator is calculated over all available observations.
Table 1 shows benefit replacement rates for different stages of the unemployment spell for prime-age individuals.
For many countries, the benefit replacement ratio depends on family structures and earnings before losing a job.
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