We found that, in contrast with PPARα and PPARγ agonists, treatment with a PPARδ agonist did not significantly reduce disease severity during the early stages of EAE, but instead showed benefit when given at the peak of disease.
One might even hope for a discussion over which jaw-droppingly expensive treatments with small benefits are worth it when given to patients with a poor prognosis, and which are not.
Animal studies and recent frequentists or Bayesian meta-analyses consistently have demonstrated survival benefit with this treatment particularly when given to the sickest patients, i.e., those who require 0.5 μg/kg per minute or more of norepinephrine.
It is the responsibility of our scientific community and government agencies to promptly set up a large international randomized controlled trial to definitely characterize the benefits and the potential harm of corticosteroids when given to patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
An international phase III randomised trial of autologous dendritic cell immunotherapy, AGS-003, also plans to determine whether there is an OS benefit when given as first-line therapy in combination with standard treatment for a/mRCC vs standard treatment alone (ADAPT; NCT01582672).
There have been many attempts to find drugs that would improve triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels and confer additional benefit when given on top of statins.
Furthermore, a retrospective study found that anti-HER2 treatment is associated with longer time to occurrence of brain metastases when given before brain metastases diagnosis and with survival benefit when given after brain metastases (Yap et al. [ 40]).
In our experiments, PEG minocycline-liposomes provided a sustained clinical benefit when given every five days, but not when given less frequently.
Our data are in line with those for the NOD mouse in concluding no benefit when given late in the disease, i.e., at diabetes onset.
Trastuzumab was originally approved for the treatment of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancers because of a significant survival benefit when given in combination with paclitaxel [ 9- 11].
