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Some believe that the harm or benefit of existence is assessed by comparing a person's actual state of well-being with the level of well-being they would have had had they never existed.
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If indeed the state of not existing is no worse than that of experiencing the benefits of existence, then, since existing invariably brings harm in its wake, existing is always a net harm compared to not existing.
And one benefit of the existence of multiple drama categories is that, as with best drama series, there is room for a piece with a younger, more innovative sensibility: in this case, BBC3's zombie apocalypse show In the Flesh.
More explicitly, the heavenly bodies are designed for the benefit of sublunar existence, and they guarantee the perpetuation of life on earth.
The huge and vast benefits of the existence of WalMart are indeed going to everyone in the form of reduced shopping bills.
Moreover, the political benefits of the existence of dual citizens in Europe strengthens the incentives to sustain formal ties with them.
To explain away this oddity, some have argued that because no properties of well-being can be attributed to "nonexistent people" such people may be ascribed a neutral or zero level of well-being, setting the baseline for comparatively assessing the harm or benefit of coming into existence.
My computer shuts down within five minutes if it's separated from an outlet, which means I can't reap the only benefit of my blogging existence… working from anywhere (Malibu beaches, I'm looking at you).
With HEMS utilization subject to appropriately increased scrutiny, those seeking to research HEMS utility in noninjured patients could benefit from existence of a collection of the topical literature.
A general description of foreseeable risks was present in all consent forms and statements about benefits (e.g., absence of benefits or existence of possible benefits) in almost all (98%; Table 1).
For example, Echeverria et al. (1995) estimated the value of existence benefits in Costa Rica's forests, based on a Contingent Valuation (CV) method and came up with a value of $238 per hectare of forest per year.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com