Salmeterol prevented high-altitude pulmonary edema, and Sartori and colleagues [ 43] suggested that the benefit was explained by upregulation of the alveolar epithelial clearance of alveolar fluid.
The majority of this survival benefit is explained by stage shift as tumours detected by screening are identified earlier in their natural history and consequently have an improved prognosis (Wishart et al, 2008).
In this study about one-half of the benefit was accounted for when adding an adjustment made for on-treatment BP and BP measurement error, a result interpreted by the authors as suggesting that only half of the stroke benefit is "explained by" the effect of treatment on blood pressure.
Two recent studies using food sugars known to inhibit bacterial adherence show long-term benefits best explained by the previously observed decreases in bacterial virulence, following chronic exposure to the respective substances.
"A lot of firms don't get that there is a psychology to trading and working with it and using it as strategy can be a real benefit," explains Shull, who gets hired by individuals as well as firms.
This lack of benefit may be explained by the occurrence of hypoglycemia, which is particularly important in elderly individuals, who are less aware of hypoglycemic symptoms (18, 19).
This benefit may be explained by the pronounced curvature of the Airtraq blade, which does not require the alignment of oral, pharyngeal and tracheal axes, and the disposition of its optical components, allowing intubation in patients with reduced mouth opening.
It should be noted here that the enhanced pupil response and number of fixations characterizing the unexpected stimuli and the ensuing memory benefit cannot be explained by a RT confound.
In 2000, a landmark trial demonstrated that mechanical ventilation with a lower tidal volume (6 ml/kg) than was traditionally used (12 ml/kg) results in decreased mortality in patients with ARDS [ 3], and the observed benefit is probably explained by reduction of ventilator-induced lung injury.
In the second study, these benefits were partly explained by reductions in interpersonal stress that went along with a forgiving disposition.
