In the era of Big Labour, unions didn't just provide collective bargaining, they often also gave workers their pensions and health benefits, enforced workplace safety conditions, and prevented wrongful dismissals.
Miliband and the shadow home secretary, Yvette Cooper, have each made three speeches setting out how they would extend qualification periods for EU immigrants to receive benefits, enforce the minimum wage and prevent the exploitation of cheap migrant labour.
But some argue that BT's businesses and its shareholders might benefit from enforced de-merger.
Unless, that is, you are naturally idle, and then the worst thing about employment, apart from the lack of benefits, is enforced work.
The shift in employment toward informal firms may depend on workers' valuation of the mandated benefits being enforced (Almeida and Carneiro 2012; Almeida et al. 2013).
The results illustrate the benefits of enforced areas of restricted bottom trawling (Marine Protected Areas) to the in situ preservation of shipwreck sites and to natural seabed features and benthic habitats.
While temporary exclusion from MHO benefits is enforced for those who do not pay regularly the monthly premium in Mali and Senegal, the sample of MHO members used in our analysis does not distinguish whether members are up-to-date with their contribution or not.
Activation strategies were primarily developed for people receiving an income-replacement benefit, to enforce a principle of "mutual obligation" and contain the risks of benefit dependency, loss of human capital among the long-term unemployed and, ultimately, higher public spending on labour market and social policies.
Long after the inflated anti-tariff rhetoric has faded, the benefit of enforcing our trade laws will become clear.
Personal Advisors and claimants saw potential barriers to the establishment of such trusting relationships in the limited time available for personal contact, in claimants concerns about potential income reduction through loss of benefits and in that part of the personal advisor role which enforced benefit sanctions for failure to attend work-focused interviews.
