Sentence examples for beneath the upper surface from inspiring English sources
Note that, because there exists no direct evidence regarding the actual depth and geometry of the plate interface, the iso-depth contours represent the maximum possible depth of the slab surface, which might be a few to ∼10 km beneath the upper surface of the subducting Indian Plate.
The black broken lines show the depth contours of the upper surface of the Philippine Sea (PHS) plate beneath Kanto region, as estimated by Ishida (1992).
These strong reflectors were interpreted as the upper surface of the subducting PHS plate from their locations and the estimated velocities beneath the reflectors.
The upper surface presented a landscape" of valleys & knolls.
When mature, the leaves are of a shiny green colour on their upper surface, and lighter colour beneath.
However, the burning of northern forests can also leave behind a dark upper surface layer that absorbs sunlight, heats up and then thaws permafrost, or frozen soil, beneath the surface.
The upper thermocouple was positioned 2 mm beneath the heater surface.
For all four images, the calculation was done for a 1 mm x 1 mm (laterally) x 0.6 mm (depth) ROI tissue volume, with upper boundary at ~100 μm beneath the tissue surface.
Their observations suggest changes in fluid conditions such as a permeability of near-surface cracks in the upper few hundred meters beneath the surface (Nakata and Snieder 2011, 2012).
As part of its mission, Mars Express uses a radar instrument, called MARSIS, to probe beneath the Martian surface and search for liquid and solid water in the upper portions of the planet's crust.
