Important features of IMPACT-HAP included flexibility to accommodate expected differences in unit-specific epidemiologic data and hospital formularies, ongoing education, and benchmarking.
Cognizant of this, the Indonesian government and various health groups implemented benchmarking standards for nursing education curricula in 1999, and some community health centres and hospitals have produced formalized competence criteria for nursing and midwifery clinical care.
The Pisa tests, taken every three years by 15-year-olds, have become one of the most influential international benchmarks for education standards.
For the most part of this report, we use two benchmarks, academic education at ISCED 3 4 or 5, depending on the level of education we consider.
These are among the biggest international benchmarks for education standards, based on tests taken by more than 900,000 pupils in primary and secondary schools in more than 50 countries and regional administrations.
Adoption of such guidelines has been improved by the use of secondary strategies, which involve education, audit and feedback, benchmarking, office system interventions, and multifaceted interventions [ 1].
Outside the discipline of paramedicine, benchmarking standards have already been developed for education and clinical placement for other health professions in Australia [ 7] and internationally [ 32].
The utility of outcomes research extends to benchmarking the quality of care, refinement of management strategies, patient education, and marketing.
No education change or announcement is now complete without a reference to international competition, benchmarking schools against their global economic rivals.
In the reviewed frameworks, benchmarking is expected to lead to improvements through internal mechanisms like accreditation and continuing medical education [ 47, 84].
