As shown, there is a wide variety of different behaviour across benchmarks, especially for the DL1, thus stressing the ability of ReVS to determine the number of runs R ′ needed.
Despite the results achieved for the 1189 benchmark have not been as high as the results achieved for the 25PDB benchmark, they still have been significantly better than the reported results for this benchmark (especially by considering that it has not been improved since the study of Mizianty and Kurgan in 2009).
These parameters can be used for HIS monitoring and benchmarking especially with respect to process descriptions and assessments.
Whichever prevails should set clear benchmarks, especially on military spending.
However, such systems lack convenient tools for data inspection, which limits their use in building performance and efficiency analysis and benchmarking especially on large sites.
Hence in this study, area under receiver operating characteristic curve values were used for benchmarking especially when the dataset is unbalanced.
They can provide a useful benchmark of progress, especially for children (or their parents!), and some adults like the focus or personal challenge that exams offer.
The establishment of forecasting benchmarks is meaningful, especially for the one-step ahead attempts, as the latter constitute the most simple ones and their accuracy can be quantified using a single metric, i.e. the absolute error.
We therefore concur with the observation made by Kemena (Kemena and Notredame, 2009) that much larger, high quality benchmark MSAs are needed, especially for improving and evaluating the accuracy of high throughput MSA methods.
IPT benchmarking is especially suitable for analysing effects of curriculum changes because, at the time of our study, admittance to medical schools in the Netherlands was still primarily determined by a national lottery system [ 31].
We find that the proposed extension of the Gaussian process regression outperforms the benchmark model in most regions, especially for intermediate forecast horizons.
