Sentence examples for benchmark economy from inspiring English sources

Starting from a benchmark economy without social security, we introduce pension systems of various institutional designs and compare the costs arising from liquidity constraints as well as distortions of labor supply and the accumulation of savings versus the benefits from insurance provision against income uncertainty and mortality risk.

32 We recalibrate model parameters to match the same statistics as in the benchmark economy.

In terms of wages, the wage gender gap goes from 0.20 in the benchmark economy to 0.21 percentage points.

In our benchmark economy, the median ratio of wealth to husband income of households has risen by age 55 to about 5.4.

Thus, introducing a proportional income tax code in the benchmark economy would increase the Gini indices of market and net-of-tax incomes by 1 and 3.8 %, respectively.

However, if the social discount factor is high enough (around 1.2), the progressivity level will sharply fall (although still above the benchmark economy value).

Counterfactual saving rates are computed by imposing the saving behavior, the population distribution, or the income distribution of two benchmark economies (the United States and Korea).

The results suggest that the difference in national saving rates between Latin America and Caribbean and the benchmark economies can mainly be attributed to differences in saving behavior of the population and, to a lesser extent, to differences in the distribution of the population by education levels.

Benchmark open economy models.

As a benchmark, the economy needs to create roughly 125,000 jobs a month to keep up with population growth.

So-called feebates, endorsed by the NAS report, would provide a rebate to buyers of cars and trucks that exceed a fuel economy benchmark, and charge a fee to buyers of cars that miss the benchmark.