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Outdoor concentrations of air toxics were compared to previously defined benchmark concentrations for cancer and noncancer health effects.
Benchmark concentrations are based on standard toxicological references and represent air toxic levels above which health risks may occur.
Rather, HBSLs are nonenforceable benchmark concentrations in water that, when exceeded, may be of potential human-health concern.
The number of benchmark concentrations exceeded by modeled concentrations ranged from 8to3232 per census tract, with a mean of 14.
In some cases such as pathway-based benchmark concentrations, we do not yet understand the relationship between the chemically most sensitive pathway and a specific toxicological outcome.
Estimated concentrations of benzene, formaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene were greater than cancer benchmark concentrations in over 90% of the census tracts.
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The lower bound 95th percentile benchmark concentration (BMCL) is 8.2 mg/m (2.6 ppm).
This benchmark concentration (BMC) was determined experimentally using the UKN1 test system.
Variability of the benchmark concentration of 25%% or even more is possible.
The benchmark concentration limit (BMCL) is the lower bound of a one-sided 95% CI around the BMC.
Like for other toxicological end points, benchmark concentration levels (BMCLs) might be derived to account for intraspecies differences.
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