In spatially structured populations, it easily happens that a mutant −/− arising in a group centered on one individual with few −/− also affect the number of +/+ in an adjacent group that was previously at equilibrium; in this other group, the frequency of +/+ will be now below the unstable equilibrium and therefore in the basin of attraction of the pure −/− equilibrium.
During early development, increased expression of SLC12A5 lowers the intraneuronal chloride concentration below its electrochemical equilibrium and allows GABA to act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
If the beam is supported from below, it is in unstable equilibrium, and therefore any weight placed on one arm would cause that arm to sink, until the beam fell off the pivot.
The opposite effect is also possible, that is, random fluctuations can move the frequency of +/+ at a mixed equilibrium within a group below the unstable internal equilibrium and therefore to the fixation of −/− cells.
A large value of Λ crit means that the force of infection needs to be reduced by less to move below the unstable endemic equilibrium and be eliminated.
The relative impact of external infection in increasing disease persistence and prevalence was greatest at or around, and particularly just below, the equilibrium group size.
But selection will still operate on imprinted worker genes because 3/4 is above the matrigenic gene equilibrium and below the patrigenic equilibrium.
For experiments carried out at 10 °C or below, an equilibrium state could not be reached even after a prolonged equilibration period, presumably because the polymer phase had undergone a transition into the glassy state.
This equilibrium is attracting when for any state Y, all values of Y in some neighbourhood of the equilibrium value increase when the value is below the equilibrium value and decrease when the value is above the equilibrium value.
In Figure 1 this phenomenon is shown by the dashed line that, after beginning at h, dips below the equilibrium line and eventually meets it at a higher temperature.
