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In Britain or Germany they often accept work that is well below their qualification level because they cannot find any jobs at home.
Field-of-study mismatch implies, at most and in only a handful of countries, a small penalty for workers, but it is large if workers are forced to take a job that is below their qualification level.
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Graduates from fields that are more saturated are more likely to be working in other fields, both at their qualification level and below their qualification levels; they are also less likely to be overqualified in their own field.
Findings suggest that around 40% of workers are mismatched by field at their qualification level, 11% overqualified in their field and 13% overqualified and working outside their field.
For example, workers might be discouraged by their inability to find a job that meets their qualification level and hence leave the labour force.
Worryingly, many low paid women are working substantially below their qualification and skill levels.
Furthermore, 20% of ethnic women (as compared to 10% of white women) have to settle for jobs below their qualifications as they are not being employed to their qualified level.
Indeed, most in it are forced by circumstances to do work well below their qualifications and aspirations.
Most Israelis will admit that the Russians are learning Hebrew quickly and have been willing to take jobs well below their qualifications.
As result, it is not uncommon to find refugees doing jobs well below their qualifications and skills – doctors working as hospital cleaners, engineers working as cab drivers.
I want to meet some of the people who don't have jobs right now, or have to work way below their qualifications.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com