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In special cases, steel is cooled and held for some time in a molten salt bath, which is kept at a temperature either just above or just below the temperature where martensite begins to form.
Comets may preserve the record of primitive grain aggregation, because comets are believed to have preserved primitive grains in cold storage, well below the temperature where water is liquid, significantly reducing the effects of thermal and aqueous processing.
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The measured growth velocity and volume fraction of the Nd123 phase agreed well with the theoretical calculation below the critical temperature, where the interface temperature of the Nd123 phase during steady growth remains below TP.
However, below the transition temperature, where only the α from was expected, both forms crystallized.
In addition it gradually blue-shifted even below the transition temperature where there was no change observed in the turbidity.
The temperature of the samples thus remained below the temperature zone where heat inactivation can become involved.
Viscosities are generally small and increase little with temperature below the main blocking temperature, where the increase becomes almost an order of magnitude.
We studied the effects of a step-up shear flow from zero shear rate to the given shear rate, ˙γ, on formation of shear-induced structures for a semidilute polystyrene (PS /diethyl malonate (DEM) solution below its cloud point temperature where the solution undergoes phase separation via spinodal decomposition (SD) in quiescent state.
Segmental dynamics studies by subjecting the samples to isothermal annealing in the region of the glass transition and below it give information about the temperature range where conformational mobility is high enough and allow to infer conclusions about the composition distribution of the material.
Based on the albumin being fully denatured between 120°C and 125°C without degradation, it was determined that the plastics were to be molded higher than this temperature but below temperatures where degradation occurs (Figure 1).
Below the depth where temperature exceeds 600°C (red line), the entire rock deforms in a ductile manner (stable slip), and neither earthquakes nor tectonic tremors occur.
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